ABSTRACT
Diabetes is the 6th most important cause of disability burden in Egypt. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in diabetics. Oxidative stress is involved in p-cell destruction and is recognized as a mediator in the development of macrovascular or cardiovascular complications in type 1 diabetes meliitus. Products of arachidonic acid metabolism elicit inflammatory responses and diseases in diabetic children such as atherosclerosis. Hyperglycemia induced activation of thromboxane pathway evidenced by increase urinary excretion of 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 [indicator of oxidative stress]. This study measured urinary excretion of 11 dehydro-thromboxane B2 in 40 type 1 diabetic children [12.38 +/- 2.75] years and 40, age and gender matched, healthy controls [10.88 + 3.23] years. Mean urinary 11 dehydrothromboxane B2 concentrations showed statistical significant difference between diabetic group [1884.8 + 826.86 pg/mg creatinine] and controls [601.95 + 229.24 pg/mg creatinine, p<0.001]. Also, total cholesterol [183.75 + 30.47 versus 112.6 + 27.07 mg/dl, p<0.001], triglycendes [147.45 + 29.91 versus 73.08 + 13.3, p<0.001], HDL [34.8 + 4.95 versus 45.6 + 8.25 mg/dl, p<0.001], LDL [120.9 + 30.5 versus 83.6 + 24.2 mg/dl, p<0.001], HbAlC [11.48 + 1.79 versus 5.37 + 0.59, p<0.001] and fasting C-peptide [0.33 + 0.14 versus 2.05 + 0.87, p<0.001] showed statistical significant difference between diabetic children and adolescents and healthy controls. Our results showed also significant positive correlation between urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 and HbAlc [r= 0.627, p= 0.012], tnglycerides [r= 0.520, p= 0.047] and total cholesterol [r= 0.668, p= 0.007]. In conclusion, the increase of triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol levels in our study confirmed the dyslipidemia pattern in pediatric type 1 DM patients. Our results confirmed that hyperglycemia induced activation of thromboxane pathway in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents as evidenced by increase urinary excretion of the indicator of oxidative stress status 11-dehydrothromboxane B2. Also, we showed a significant positive correlation between the urinary excretion of 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 and the laboratory parameters of lipid metabolism. Therefore, urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 can be used as a potential non invasive biomarker of dyslipidemia in type 1 diabetic children
ABSTRACT
Beta-thalassemia results from a deficiency of beta-globin chains leading to an excess in alpha globin chains resulting in hypochromic microcytic red cells, ineffective erythropoiesis and hemolytic anemia. It is a result of a decline of HbF synthesis during the first year of life. F-cell levels are influenced by a sequence variant [C[right wards arrow] T] at position -158 upstream of the -globin gene, so the frequency of the Xmnl G[gamma] polymorphism in Egyptian patients with beta-thalassemia major needed evaluation to decide on the value of HbF augmentation drugs in treating Egyptian beta-thalessemia. A cross-sectional study including 30 beta-thalassemia major patients diagnosed and attending the Pediatric Hematology Unit, Children's University Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, in the period from October 2008 to October 2009. The 17 males and 13 females underwent a medical history and physical examination. Tests included a complete blood count, hemoglobin electrophoresis, serum ferritin, and detection of Xmnl G[gamma] polymorphism by PCR. The mean [SD] age was [2] 10.2 [6.9] years. The most frequent genotype observed was homozygosity for the absence of the site Xmnl [-/-] in 96% of cases. Heterozygosity [+/-] genotype was detected in 4% of cases, while homozygosity for the site Xmnl [+/+] genotype was absent. Genotype was not related to age at first transfusion, fetal hemoglobin level or transfusion frequency. Despite the small sample size, the study demonstrated that Egyptian beta-thalessemia patients have low frequency of positivity for the Xmnl polymorphism whether in heterozygous [+/-] or homozygous [+/+] state